By , the caliph was the young al-Adid , but the country was ruled by the vizier Shawar. That year, Shawar was overthrown by Dirgham; soon afterwards, the King of Jerusalem , Amalric I , led an offensive against Egypt, on the pretext that the Fatimids were not paying the tribute they had promised to pay during the reign of Baldwin III.
This campaign failed and he was forced to return to Jerusalem , but it provoked Nur ad-Din to lead a campaign of his own against the crusaders in Syria in order to turn their attention away from Egypt.
His attack on Tripoli was unsuccessful, but he was soon visited by the exiled Shawar, who begged him to send an army and restore him to the vizierate.
Nur ad-Din did not want to spare his own army for a defense of Egypt, but his Kurdish general Shirkuh convinced him to invade in In response, Dirgham allied with Amalric, but the king could not mobilize in time to save him.
Shawar immediately expelled Shirkuh and allied with Amalric, who arrived to besiege Shirkuh at Bilbeis. Shirkuh agreed to abandon Egypt when Amalric was forced to return home, after Nur ad-Din attacked Antioch and besieged the castle of Harenc.
There, Nur ad-Din routed the combined armies of Antioch and Tripoli, but refused to attack Antioch itself, fearing reprisals from the Byzantines. Instead he besieged and captured Banias, and for the next two years continually raided the frontiers of the crusader states.
In Shirkuh was sent again to Egypt. Amalric followed him at the beginning of , and a formal treaty was established between Amalric and Shawar, with the nominal support of the caliph.
The crusaders occupied Alexandria and Cairo and made Egypt a tributary state, but Amalric could not hold the country while Nur ad-Din still held Syria, and he was forced to return to Jerusalem.
In Amalric sought an alliance with Emperor Manuel and invaded Egypt once more. At the beginning of Shirkuh arrived and the crusaders once more were forced to retreat.
This time Nur ad-Din gained full control of Egypt. Shawar was executed and Shirkuh was named vizier of the newly conquered territory, later succeeded by his nephew Saladin.
One last invasion of Egypt was launched by Amalric and Manuel, but it was disorganized and came to nothing. During this time Nur ad-Din was busy in the north, fighting the Ortoqids , and in he had to settle a dispute between his nephews when his brother Qutb ad-Din died.
After conquering Egypt, Nur ad-Din believed that he had accomplished his goal of uniting the Muslim states, but Saladin did not wish to be subject to his authority.
He did not participate in the invasions led by Nur ad-Din against Jerusalem in and , hoping that the crusader kingdom would act as a buffer state between Egypt and Syria.
Nur ad-Din realized that he had created a dangerous opponent in Saladin, and the two rulers assembled their armies for what seemed to be the inevitable war.
However, when Nur ad-Din was on the verge of invading Egypt, he was seized by a fever due to complications from a peritonsillar abscess.
He was initially buried there, before being reburied in the Nur al-Din Madrasa. According to William of Tyre , although Nur ad-Din was "a mighty persecutor of the Christian name and faith," he was also "a just prince, valiant and wise, and according to the traditions of his race, a religious man.
He considered the crusaders foreigners in Muslim territory, who had come to Outremer to plunder the land and profane its sacred places. Nevertheless, he tolerated the Christians who lived under his authority, aside from the Armenians of Edessa, and regarded the Emperor Manuel with deep respect.
He had bimaristans hospitals [11] constructed in his cities as well, and built caravanserais on the roads for travellers and pilgrims.
He held court several times a week so that people could seek justice from him against his generals, governors, or other employees who had committed some crime.
In the Muslim world he remains a legendary figure of military courage, piety, and modesty. Sir Steven Runciman said that he loved, above all else, justice.
Nur ad-Din, or known as Nourn Dinh, is one of the martyrs venerated by the syncretistic Vietnamese religion of Cao Dai.
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia. For other people named Nur al-Din, see Nur al-Din. Crusader invasion of Egypt. Retrieved from " https: Views Read Edit View history.
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Nur Die Sge Video
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When Ascalon was captured by the crusaders in , Mujir ad-Din forbade Nur ad-Din from travelling across his territory. Mujir ad-Din, however, was a weaker ruler than his predecessor, and he also agreed to pay an annual tribute to the crusaders in exchange for their protection.
The growing weakness of Damascus under Mujir ad-Din allowed Nur ad-Din to overthrow him in , with help from the population of the city.
Damascus was annexed to Zengid territory, and all of Syria was unified under the authority of Nur ad-Din, from Edessa in the north to the Hauran in the south.
He was cautious not to attack Jerusalem right away, and even continued to send the yearly tribute established by Mujir ad-Din; meanwhile he briefly became involved in affairs to the north of Mosul, where a succession dispute in the Sultanate of Rum threatened Edessa and other cities.
However, he fell ill that year and the crusaders were given a brief respite from his attacks. In the Byzantine emperor Manuel I Comnenus arrived to assert his authority in Antioch, and the crusaders hoped he would send an expedition against Aleppo.
Nur ad-Din, along with the Danishmends of eastern Anatolia , attacked the Seljuk sultan Kilij Arslan II from the east the next year, while Manuel attacked from the west.
By , with Antioch under nominal Byzantine control and the crusader states further south powerless to make any further attacks on Syria, Nur ad-Din made a pilgrimage to Mecca.
Soon after he returned, he learned of the death of King Baldwin III of Jerusalem , and out of respect for such a formidable opponent he refrained from attacking the crusader kingdom: William of Tyre reports that Nur ad-Din said "We should sympathize with their grief and in pity spare them, because they have lost a prince such as the rest of the world does not possess today.
As there was now nothing the crusaders could do in Syria, they were forced to look to the south if they wanted to expand their territory.
The capture of Ascalon had already succeeded in cutting off Egypt from Syria, and Egypt had been politically weakened by a series of very young Fatimid caliphs.
By , the caliph was the young al-Adid , but the country was ruled by the vizier Shawar. That year, Shawar was overthrown by Dirgham; soon afterwards, the King of Jerusalem , Amalric I , led an offensive against Egypt, on the pretext that the Fatimids were not paying the tribute they had promised to pay during the reign of Baldwin III.
This campaign failed and he was forced to return to Jerusalem , but it provoked Nur ad-Din to lead a campaign of his own against the crusaders in Syria in order to turn their attention away from Egypt.
His attack on Tripoli was unsuccessful, but he was soon visited by the exiled Shawar, who begged him to send an army and restore him to the vizierate.
Nur ad-Din did not want to spare his own army for a defense of Egypt, but his Kurdish general Shirkuh convinced him to invade in In response, Dirgham allied with Amalric, but the king could not mobilize in time to save him.
Shawar immediately expelled Shirkuh and allied with Amalric, who arrived to besiege Shirkuh at Bilbeis. Shirkuh agreed to abandon Egypt when Amalric was forced to return home, after Nur ad-Din attacked Antioch and besieged the castle of Harenc.
There, Nur ad-Din routed the combined armies of Antioch and Tripoli, but refused to attack Antioch itself, fearing reprisals from the Byzantines.
Instead he besieged and captured Banias, and for the next two years continually raided the frontiers of the crusader states. In Shirkuh was sent again to Egypt.
Amalric followed him at the beginning of , and a formal treaty was established between Amalric and Shawar, with the nominal support of the caliph.
The crusaders occupied Alexandria and Cairo and made Egypt a tributary state, but Amalric could not hold the country while Nur ad-Din still held Syria, and he was forced to return to Jerusalem.
In Amalric sought an alliance with Emperor Manuel and invaded Egypt once more. At the beginning of Shirkuh arrived and the crusaders once more were forced to retreat.
This time Nur ad-Din gained full control of Egypt. Shawar was executed and Shirkuh was named vizier of the newly conquered territory, later succeeded by his nephew Saladin.
One last invasion of Egypt was launched by Amalric and Manuel, but it was disorganized and came to nothing. During this time Nur ad-Din was busy in the north, fighting the Ortoqids , and in he had to settle a dispute between his nephews when his brother Qutb ad-Din died.
After conquering Egypt, Nur ad-Din believed that he had accomplished his goal of uniting the Muslim states, but Saladin did not wish to be subject to his authority.
He did not participate in the invasions led by Nur ad-Din against Jerusalem in and , hoping that the crusader kingdom would act as a buffer state between Egypt and Syria.
Nur ad-Din realized that he had created a dangerous opponent in Saladin, and the two rulers assembled their armies for what seemed to be the inevitable war.
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